Relativism, Socrates & Plato, Aristotle's Virtue Ethics, Aristotle II Essay

Relativism, Socrates & Plato, Aristotles Virtue Ethics, Aristotle II - Essay ExampleWhile the former deals solely on the what is, the latter is concerned about what ought to be. As such, descriptive morals looks into the morality of a person in particular or an entire society in general based on the actual conduct and behavior of the people under observation while normative ethics avow that gentlemans gentleman conduct and behavior must be measured against a universal set of positivist moral norms which civilizations must follow and comply with. The third level of ethics is metaethics which is a study of the means behind ethical language and theories. It not only analyses and compares assorted moral standards it also examines the significance and point of the ideas and concepts of ethics itself (Lutz 8). Moreover, these ethical theories may be differentiated from one other by looking into how they get the theory of relativism. On the one hand, normative ethics acknowledges t hat certain situations do arise which necessitate excursion from the prescribed norms and thus require some degree of tolerance. On a case-to-case basis, a specific carry through is determined whether it is right or wrong by taking into consideration the specific circumstances which caused the difference or non-compliance with the universal moral norms. On the other hand, relativism in metaethics takes into consideration the fact that people and societies dress from different race, culture and set of common beliefs. Some degree of tolerance is given to the idiosyncrasies of cultures that are different from ones own. As such, there is no absolute moral standard of right and wrong, rather, human conduct is measured against the prescribed norms of a given culture or group to which he belongs. 3.) Aristotle argues that ethics is the information of achieving happiness. What is his argument for this? What is happiness for Aristotle? And why doesnt he think it is identical to pleasur e? excuse the function argument and how it connects rationality with happiness. What role do the virtues play in this argument? Aristotle argues that ethics is the science of achieving happiness because in order to be happy, a person must first conduct himself right on and attain his goals in life. For Aristotle, happiness is the last goal of every person and the core motivation and campaign force for all of our actions. Happiness is where all actions end and one will never stop until it is achieved. A persons behavior and action can be likened to a pyramid which has a replete(p) base of different goals for different needs. Then, as each goal is achieved, one moves earlier and upward to another goal which brings him closer to the top where all other goals converge and end at point happiness. No matter how many or hard the obstacles and circumstances are, a person is motivated to move forward by the prospect of reaching to the top. Lest happiness be confused with mere pleasure, Aristotle expressly clarified that there is a world of difference between happiness and pleasure, the latter being a mere feeling felt by a person when an intermediary goal is achieved. Throughout his journey to the apex of the pyramid, a person may feel pleasure as each specific goal brings him closer to his ultimate goal. Finally, according to Aristotles function argument, the function of man is to achieve rationality through different activities which bring down for the use of the human mental faculties. Human rationality is what separates us from plants and animals we do not just exist in this world, we