Poverty and how it links to globalization (Africa) Research Paper

Poverty and how it links to globalization (Africa) - Research Paper Example African countries are less likely to benefit from globalization due to the fact that they are at the lowest integration level with the rest of the world (Docquier and Hillel 690). As much as globalization can affect the growth of a region in a positive way, the case in Africa is different. For instance, African states need to maintain a strong and stable macro-economic framework as well as conducting major institutional reforms like promotion of good governance in all its angles. This paper is going to show why Africa still suffers harmful economic systems, conflict, environmental problems and population growth despite being exposed to globalization. Liberalists view globalization as the best tool of relieving poverty and providing the have-nots with a secure position from which they can make further progress in the global economy (Kacowicz 570). In Africa, the nationalists fought for independence because of economic exploitation by their various colonial powers. Despite globalization, Africans are still suppressed economically through the European Imperialism, whereby the first world countries from the west exploit the third world countries in Africa. This means that African states are still controlled by western powers through signing of trade pacts, some of which have unfavorable conditions. Most African economies depend on one a single export, which is agricultural produce; hence they lack diversification (De Janvry and Elisabeth 20). Over the past decades, the market value of Africa’s agricultural produce has been deteriorating amid the steady rising cost of imports to Africa. This shows that the current global market disadvantages these mono-economies, as they have to dramatically in order to pay for the same amount of imports. For instance, in 1962, it took two tons of sisal export in Tanzania to pay for the import of one tractor (Cooksey and Tim 1). The case was different in 1980 since Tanzania had to export six tons of sisal in order to pay for the

Letter assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Letter assignment - Essay Example Fear is one of the emotions regularly observed with Nell since the first day we saw her. It should not be considered unhealthy or abnormal for her to feel fear. Any creation with normal instincts would feel fear of the unknown. A domesticated animal would feel fear when set out in the wild on its own. Fear is what provokes Nell to attack sometimes, which should again be considered normal and healthy. Any wild animal would attack when it feels cornered or endangered. It is the survival instinct embedded in the brain for self-preservation. We never consider those animals abnormal. Nor did we consider to lock up those animals because they pose danger to others. And since Nell displays the ability to be tamed and comforted even when scared, and reacts appropriately and in a timely manner to basic human gestures of comforting and appeasing --- which I firmly believe prove that her logic is working properly --- I would conclude that Nell is very much worthy to be allowed freedom to interac t with regular society. Another fact that I would like to dispute is the perception of Nell being mentally retarded. She is not mentally retarded. She was raised in a retarded environment. Her knowledge is parallel to what she was exposed to since birth. Being mentally retarded is the inability of the brain to cope up with everything presented to it. To consider Nell to be mentally retarded is similar to considering tribesmen as same. We cannot claim retardation to people just because they do not seem to understand nor fit in to what most people deem as normal society. We must also look into their ability to cope up when presented with a different scenario. Nell’s reactions to the novelty of things presented to her were similar to that of tribesmen --- fearful, curious, willing to understand and be understood. It should also be noted that for the past few months that Nell was exposed to our regular society, she adapted wonderfully. Sure she did weird

Developments in Hacking, Cybercrime, and Malware Essay Example for Free

Developments in Hacking, Cybercrime, and Malware Essay The number one web based attack of 2009 was Malicious PDF activity 49% of web based attacksattempts to deliver malicious pdf content to victims through the web. The pdf attack is designed to exploit arbitrary vulnerabilities in applications that are able to process pdf’s. A successful pdf attack could compromise the integrity and security of affected computers. (Symantec Corporation, 2009) The number two web based attack of 2009 was the Microsoft Internet Explorer ADODB.Stream Object file installation weakness. This exploit accounted for 18% of the total number of web based exploits for the year. This vulnerability allows hackers to install malicious files on a vulnerable computer when a user visits a website hosting an exploit. In order for this attack to be successful, an attacker must exploit an arbitrary vulnerability that bypasses Internet Explorer Security settings.Then the attacker can execute the malicious files that were installed by the initial security weakness. This vulnerability has been known since 2003, and patches have been released since 2004. This exploit exposes the fact that many computer systems were not being kept up to date. (Symantec Corporation, 2009) The number three most common web based exploit of 2009 was the Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 uninitialized memory code execution vulnerability. This attack works by enticing a victim to open a malicious web page. Once a user opens the web page it gives the attacker the ability to execute remote code on the victims computer. Since this is a browser based attack, it gives the hacker potentially more targets than relying on a plugin that may not get installed. (Symantec Corporation, 2009) The top 3 Malware attacks of 2013 were W32.Downadup, W32.Sality, and W32.Ramnit. Although their names all begin with W32., each bug has it’s own way of exploiting a system. Let’s take for instance the W32.Downadup. This  worm has been around since 2008. This worm spreads by taking advantage of a remote code execution vulnerability found in Microsoft Windows server service RFC. This worm strives to block access to security related web sites while attempting to spread to protected network shares via brute force of weak passwords. The Security of the entire network is at stake with this worm. This virus demonstrates shows how important it is to keep servers and workstations updated with the latest virus definitions. (W32.Downadup.B, n.d.) The W32.Ramnit has been around since 2010. This worm is spread by infecting executable drives and removable drives. This malware steals bank usernames and passwords. Having a security policy prohibiting personal drives from being used in the workplace is paramount. This type of attack could cause data loss if unmitigated. (Symantec Corporation, 2013) The W32.Sality is in my opinion the nastiest of all three bugs. What makes the W32.Sality particularly nasty is that it can infect executable files on local, removable, and shared drives. W32.Sality is known as an (EPO) or entry point obscuring polymorphic file infector. Essentially, it’s a sophisticate worm-like virus that ensures its survival by downloading other malware and disabling security software. One of the most damaging features of the W32.Sality virus is how it decentralizes peer to peer networks with sophisticated code instruction that populates the network with infected computers. (W32.Sality., n.d.) References W32.Downadup.B. (n.d.). Retrieved June 26, 2014, from http://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2008-123015-3826-99 W32.Ramnit. (n.d.). Retrieved June 26, 2014, from http://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2010-011922-2056-99 W32.Sality. (n.d.). Retrieved June 26, 2014, from http://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2006-011714-3948-99 Symantec Corporation. (2009). Symantec Global Internet Security Threat Report Trends for 2009. Mountain View: Symantec Corporation. Symantec Corporation. (2013). Symantec Global Internet Security Threat Report Trends for 2009. Mountain View: Symantec Corporation.

The Amish Educational Exemption

The Amish Educational Exemption How might a liberal philosopher argue for the view that it was right to grant an exemption in this case? How might a liberal philosopher argue against this view? Which side has the stronger argument? The question concerns the request by Amish Parents for a Cultural Exemption to the state of Wisconsins Universal Law requiring all children to attend school up to the age of sixteen. It asks for opposite liberal philosophical arguments, should a Universal, Difference Blind Law prevail across all cultural groups, are the Amish an exception. It raises questions of equality and definition. It asks that if a Cultural Exemption is allowed do they have franchise, is it fair, affect third parties, promotes equality, is there autonomy within the cultural group, and is it uniform in its application within the group and important to its cultural way of life and religion. Clearly important principals for the Amish and Amish Parents are at stake but crucially mechanisms are in place to accommodate differing cultural minorities within dominant Western cultures allowing examination of the arguments and the granting where appropriate of Exemptions to Universal Difference Blind rules. Philosophical Liberal traditions underpin legislators use of exemptions using rules, principals and definitions to adapt Universal Difference Blind laws. These work towards the protection of minorities, preserving Cultural Differences and righting discrimination. A case-by-case discovery carried out using where appropriate, argument by analogy established by previous findings and argument in the Liberal tradition help ensure legitimacy in each case and to provides that principles such as equality and fairness prevail (Pike. 2008, p95, p96) The first argument offered in accordance with the essay question is in favour of the decision by the US Supreme Court to grant an Exemption to the Amish Parents. The application of a Difference Blind Law on this cultural group was unfair in its consequence on their religion, culture and way of life. The Amish are a society with settled culture and traditions their members have adequate cultural and religious resources to thrive and live autonomous lives within their own cultural identity and group. It is possible to leave or join the Amish group culture giving choice as to continuing physical involvement however as described in Reading 3.1 (Margalit and Raz. 1990, in Pike, P118). `given the pervasive nature of the culture of groups†¦their influence on individuals who grow up in their midst is profound and far reaching. Soas members of this cultural group they would find profound difficulty in adjusting to other cultures making a life outside the Amish problematic. One could argue that a consequence of that is that there is no choice, that an autonomous life outside their cultural group would be unsuccessful. Their religion deeply entwined as it is in their way of life and which especially in respect to the teaching of their children places great emphasis on ethical living, hard work and becoming a valuable member of the Amish community (Exploring-amish-country.com, 2017). In support of their contention that their children should not attend school beyond the age of 14 (against the State requirement of attending until the age of 16), they argue that the State run schools would teach their children values that would be `incompatible with the Amish way of life and endanger their childrens salvation (Cornell.2015 in Assignment Booklet. P36). The Amish parents were concerned that in both real and subliminal terms this law would expose their children to temptations around, at and in schools and taught subjects by the schools that would lead to behaviour that was incompatible with their Religious and cultural roots. The second argument offered in favour of an exemption is one by way of analogy. Taking the exemption offered to the Musqueam band of British Columbia as the analogy supporting the case for a Cultural Exemption to the Difference Blind Rule. There are case differences of course but the key point made here is that the exemption given was not only on aboriginal fishing rights but also on the grounds of cultural identity and a desire by the legislators to preserve a long established way of life. `For the Musqueam, the salmon fishery has always constituted an integral part of their distinctive culture (Pike. 2008, p103). The parallel drawn is between the schooling arrangements the Amish had long organised themselves and taught in their traditional One Room schools up to the age of 14. A tradition of long standing that cherished and developed their children in the Amish culture, Religion and way of life. It was under threat by the States change of policy to bring schools together and impose education to the age of 16. Meaning bussing out of area and exposing their children to temptations that the Amish considered would put their mortal souls at risk. Amish educations objective is to prepare their children to take a useful and full part in Amish religious and cultural life. To work hard, live ethically and be a valuable member of the Amish community is the objective of their schooling. The intent is not to promote individuality and critical thinking. Amish education `does not seek to create artists, scientists, musicians or actors but it will teach separateness from the world (Exploring-amish-country.com, 2017). The changes proposed by the Canadian Department of Fisheries also imposed serious changes to the cultural mores of the Musqueam band that in time would have irrevocably changed their culture and tradition. The arguments supported as they are by the criteria given by Prof Parekh in his interview for the Audio CD (Pike, Parekh. 2008, Track 5, Discussing Cultural Exemptions).   In recognising which differences crucially acknowledged, `Fundamental moral principals†¦ historical culture of community†¦.the amount of destabilisation that recognition of it is going to involve in terms of organisation and structure of the institution. To impose thesechanges on the Amish parents would impose a profound change to their way of life in similar fashion to the changes to the fishing rights now exempted by the Canadian authorities. Exposed to cultural differences that were intolerant of their religion and way of life; the law was a major imposition on and unfair to the Amish community therefore. In attempting to create a Universal, Difference Blind law that required all children, attend school after 8th grade put the Amish at risk, of, in time loosing their cultural identity. As an alternative argument, the case of overriding principal offers a valid reason for not granting an Exemption from the Universal Law. The State of Wisconsin has a duty to legislate equally and apply the law uniformly to all its citizens. The Principal of equal schooling for all cannot be detrimental to any of its citizens as the key is to teach the same curriculum to all children in the state. The argument of unequal impact cannot succeed as all children are subject to the same rules and enjoy the benefits that higher education will bring (Pike, Parekh. 2008, Track 4, Discussing Cultural Exemptions). In taking the principal of equal schooling for all within a Difference Blind Law, the State is treating all of its citizens uniformly, equally and in a non-discriminatory manner. Another argument against could be made on behalf of the Amish children as it could be argued that they would be discriminated against unfairly if they were denied an opportunity to attend higher education. Who is to say that the Amish children do not want to engage with the world to a greater degree than their parents do unless fully consulted? For society to live in harmony it is reasonable to learn more about other traditions, understanding would promote tolerance. Access to alternative cultures and a broader curriculum through higher education, exposing the Amish children to the opportunity of learning about other cultures and ways of life will help them understand the world as a whole. There would be a detrimental effect on the child if granted Exemption, especially if it compromised their right to determine their own autonomy in the future. Importantly it would reduce choice for the children of the Amish reducing their chance of autonomy in other societies should they choose to transfer from one to the other In conclusion these were serious considerations for the Amish community and their release from this universal, Difference Blind Law, which challenged their culture, religion and long-term existence was a fair decision by the US Supreme Court albeit tinged by a question over the rights of their children to take a part of this debate. They have argued successfully that this law had a `particular religious and cultural significance for them (Pike. 2008, p102) enforcement infringes their right to practice their religion and lead a peaceful autonomous life within the confines of their chosen cultural resources. A key objective of and foundation of the franchise of any Democratic Government such as that of the United States of America where this case originates must be to legislate equally (taking account that equally is not uniformity) (Pike, Parekh. 2008, Track 3, Discussing Cultural Exemptions) and fairly across the whole of the population. Anything else provides a platform for conflict and a lightning rod for discord. Humans are complicated, not renowned for their uniformity; many diverse cultures successfully make up humankind. Blanket universal difference blind laws do work for some of the issues facing a legislator and can form the starting point, `Thou shalt not kill for instance but there are many instances where common sense, pragmatism and kindness should prevail, echo real life and allow Cultural Exemptions to Universal Law. The argument being that in order to live together we need to be respectful and revere other cultures, learn from them and protect them if possible. Word count;1566 Bibliography Pike, J. (2008) `Cultural Encounters and Cultural Exemptions in AA100 Book 3: Cultural Encounters. Milton Keynes, Open University, chapter 3 Audio CD: Discussing Cultural Exemption Tutorials given by David Forrest and Susie Wood and tutorial handout materials Amishamericacom. (2017). Amishamericacom. Retrieved 23 March, 2017, from http://amishamerica.com/why-do-amish-only-go-to-school-until-8th-grade schwieder; morain. (2009). A peculiar people: Iowas old order Amish: an expanded edition. : Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. Exploring-amish-country.com. (2017). A LOOK AT AMISH EDUCATION. [online] Available at: http://www.exploring-amish-country.com/amish-education.html [Accessed 24 Mar. 2017].

Economics Indicators :: essays papers

Economics Indicators Investments The Stock-Trak investment simulation program began on August 30th, which marked the first day that trading was allowed. A total available amount of $300,000 was used for investing. The objective of this assignment is to maximize the value of the portfolio through November 19th, which was the last day of the trading period. I began the process of choosing specific investments for my portfolio by taking an asset allocation questionnaire (appendix I). Since the objective was to maximize portfolio value, I made sure for each question asked that I chose the answer with the most risk. My reasoning being that having my money in risky investments will on average lead to a greater return than investments with lower risk. The objective did not mention risk tolerance, and I wanted a portfolio composition with a good chance of earning exceptional returns. After completing the survey, I ended up with an aggressive asset allocation plan (appendix II). This stated that 85% of my money should b e invested in stocks, while the remaining 15% of my money should be invested in bonds. I had several basic strategies that I felt would lead to my portfolio having high returns. First I felt that it was important to invest early on in the trading period so that I would not miss any positive returns the market might yield (I was fully invested by September 10th). Secondly I wanted to buy all my investments and hold them because I believe that this strategy will best maximize returns. Timing the market I felt was lucky and too complicated. Finally I wanted to make sure that I bought at least 25 separate assets, so that I could be properly diversified. I used the Wall Street Journal to pick my individual stocks. My personal strategy was to pick stocks that were at or near their 52 week low in price. I felt that corporations, especially those that were well known, at or near their 52 week low in price would gain momentum. Furthermore I made sure that I was choosing companies that were i n diverse industries. I also included some international companies as well as some relatively smaller firms to add to my portfolio. My strategy on buying bonds was to buy four bonds that had different maturity dates, and came from different issuers such as corporate and government bonds.

Women in Management of Grief and A Pair of Tickets Essay -- Women Imag

Women in Management of Grief and A Pair of Tickets Both Management of Grief and A Pair of Tickets were written by women and about women. Authors were able to portray an image of women which differs from the traditional, stereotypical literary image of feeble and delicate creatures who needed to be cared for. Women in these stories were faced with horrible tragedies, but the determining element in their experience was not so much what happened to them but how they took it. After reading first few pages of Management of Grief one may see Shaila as "traditional" Indian woman who due to her upbringing was not even comfortable enough with her own husband: "I was too much the well brought up woman. I was so well brought up I never felt comfortable calling my husband by his first name" (Mukherjee 537). For a person who grew up in North American society this revelation may seem to come from an oppressed female, but later on in the story we learn that protagonist could stand up for herself and for other women, like in the airport incident. There again we were reminded of the way she was brought up: "Once upon a time we were well brought up women; we were dutiful wives who kept our heads veiled, our voices shy and sweet" (543). Only this time the statement is ironic. Shaila's actions show us that she is far from the voiceless, week female she was brought up to be. Shaila was not responsible for her own heredity. She could not control much of her environment ...

Film and Popular Cinema Essay

After reading this week’s assignment and researching different types of film and popular cinema, I have realized some of the differences between the two. I always thought they were the same thing but found that to be far from the truth. Film is a way of putting art into motion. I viewed several pieces on different websites, in particular, on YouTube. I watched one called White Noise. It had no plot or storyline, but showed very interesting art concepts and pieces. Many artists made work addressing social, sexual and racial issues, renewing links with what survived of the ‘community video’ movement of the 1970s. By 1990 video installations had featured in several large international exhibitions and were a familiar presence in galleries and museums, assuming fresh authority through the work of such artists as Gary Hill and Marie-Jo Lafontaine. Read more:  Philippine Cinema Analysis Essay Artists making single-screen work exhibited increasingly on television, and the medium of video was merging with that of the computer. Film, no longer novel nor wholly dependent on a gallery context, had become part of an increasingly elaborate network of electronic communication (Mick Hartney, 2009). Popular cinema is designed around selling tickets and making money at the expense of catering to the demands of global audiences. An example of popular cinema is any of the Twilight movies. They are movies produced from the novels written by Stephanie Meyer. The first movie was a huge success, making audience demand for a sequel a high priority of the producers and distribution companies. The same result came of the sequel and they made the third. Originally, the deal was to make a movie for each book, but if the movies did not succeed in the box office the projects would have been terminated. As, a matter of fact, it is so successful that the last movie based on the last book has been split in half to make two more subsequent movies instead of one. I find myself appreciating both of these forms of art. I have opened up when it comes to  the appreciation of art because I have learned the subtle, and some not so subtle differences between different art forms. References Hartney, M. (2009). Video Art. Retrieved from http://www.moma.org/collection/details.php?theme_id=10215 Sayre, H. M. (2010). A World of Art (6th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.